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癫痫患者的职业选择与工作注意

小儿癫痫是儿童神经系统第二大常见疾病(仅次于脑瘫),发病年龄集中在 0-14 岁,其中婴幼儿期(0-3 岁)发病率最高,占比达 40%,病因与遗传、脑部发育、外界因素密切相关。遗传因素方面,约 20% 患儿存在家族癫痫史,或携带致病基因突变(如 CDKL5、STXBP1 基因),这类患儿多在出生后 6 个月内发病;脑部发育异常包括脑回畸形、灰质异位等,多因孕期感染(如巨细胞病毒感染)、胎儿缺氧导致;外界因素中,产伤(如新生儿窒息、颅内出血)、高热惊厥(体温超过 39℃引发的惊厥持续 5 分钟以上)是重要诱因,约 10% 高热惊厥患儿会发展为癫痫。

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由广西医科大学第一附属医院牵头,联合全区 14 个地市的 28 家医院成立癫痫专科联盟。通过 “线上培训 + 线下查房” 模式,向基层医院推广标准化诊疗技术;为县域医院配备便携式脑电图设备,开展 “癫痫筛查下基层” 活动,每年覆盖偏远地区患者超 8000 人次。该项目实施以来,广西基层癫痫患者规范诊疗率从 45% 提升至 71%。

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